Cushing’s Disease in Dogs
A diagnosis of Cushing’s disease can feel overwhelming, and it’s completely normal to have lots of questions about what this means for your dog.
The good news is that with the right treatment and monitoring, many dogs with Cushing’s go on to live happy, comfortable lives. Our team is here to support you through this journey, and the resources below are designed to help you understand your dog’s condition and feel confident in managing their care at home.
Important note about treatment options for Cushing’s disease
You may read in some resources that “Cushing’s disease cannot be cured, but can be successfully managed with medication.” While this is true for most dogs, it isn’t the full picture.
In some cases, Cushing’s disease can be cured if it is caused by a tumour of the adrenal gland and that tumour can be surgically removed. There is also a specialised surgical procedure available for pituitary tumours, however this is only performed at a small number of specialist centres, is very expensive, and not suitable for all dogs.
For the majority of patients, Cushing’s disease is most safely and effectively managed with medication, which can provide excellent quality of life when monitored appropriately. At the time of diagnosis, we will always discuss all appropriate options for your individual pet, including medical management and referral pathways, so you can make an informed decision that suits your pet and your family.
There are three possible causes of Cushing’s disease:
1. Pituitary Gland Tumour: This is the most common cause, accounting for 85-90% of cases. A benign or malignant tumour on the pituitary gland (a small organ in the brain) stimulates the adrenal glands to produce excessive cortisol.
2. Adrenal Gland Tumour: In some cases, a tumour on the adrenal gland itself is the cause. If benign, surgical removal can cure the condition. If malignant, treatment may involve surgery, but the prognosis is less favourable.
3. Excessive Steroid Use (Iatrogenic Cushing’s): This type occurs when a dog has been on long-term steroid medications for another disease. Stopping or reducing the medication under veterinary supervision is the key to treating this form.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF CUSHING'S
The clinical signs of Cushing’s disease can be subtle at first but become more obvious as the condition progresses. Common signs include:
• Increased appetite
• Excessive thirst and urination
• Lethargy or reduced activity levels
• Poor coat quality or hair loss – particularly on the sides and tail
• A “pot-bellied” appearance due to weakness of the abdominal muscles
• Thin skin, frequent infections, or poor healing of wounds
DIAGNOSIS OF CUSHING'S DISEASE
To diagnose Cushing’s disease, your veterinarian will conduct a thorough examination and review your dog’s history. Based on these we will discuss the follow tests:
• Blood Tests: A complete blood count (CBC) and biochemistry profile can reveal signs that suggest Cushing’s.
• Imaging: An ultrasound may be used to assess the size of the adrenal glands or identify the presence of tumours.
• Specific Hormone Tests: Tests such as the ACTH stimulation test and the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test are often used to confirm the diagnosis.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Treatment varies depending on the cause of Cushing’s disease:
• Pituitary Tumour: The most common treatment is ongoing daily medication such as Trilostane which helps block excess hormone production.
• Adrenal Tumour: If the tumour is benign, surgery to remove it can be curative. If surgery is not possible, medication may help, but response rates can vary.
• Iatrogenic Cushing’s Disease: This type requires a gradual discontinuation of the steroid medication under your veterinarian’s supervision. Sudden withdrawal can lead to serious complications.
MANAGING CUSHINGS DISEASE
Dogs with Cushing’s disease require lifelong treatment and careful monitoring. Regular veterinary checkups, blood tests, and adjustments to medication will help manage the condition and minimise side effects. With consistent care, many dogs can live comfortable and happy lives.
PROGNOSIS
The prognosis for dogs with Cushing’s disease depends on the type and severity of the condition, as well as how well it responds to treatment. In some patients, overall life expectancy is unfortunately reduced. With proper management however, most dogs can lead fulfilling lives, but ongoing medical supervision is critical to ensure the best outcomes.
Additional Information Booklet
This booklet provides a clear, practical guide for owners of dogs diagnosed with Cushing’s disease. It explains;
- What Cushing’s is
- The common signs to look for
- How it is diagnosed
- Why treatment is so important for your dog’s long-term health
It also outlines
- How Vetoryl (trilostane) works
- What improvements you might expect
- The role of regular blood tests and follow-up appointments.
The booklet includes helpful advice on daily medication, monitoring at home, recognising side effects, and what to do if you have concerns about your dog while on treatment.
Tracking how your dog is feeling at home is one of the most important parts of managing Cushing’s disease. This questionnaire helps you reflect on your dog’s daily behaviours, energy levels, physical changes and how the condition is affecting both your dog and you. By completing it regularly, you give us valuable insight into how well treatment is working and where adjustments may be needed.
Please complete this before your follow-up appointments and bring it with you so we can review it together.